Stichting NIRI

Abstract of the Article: Economic developments of the last century led to the revision of the attitude to the employment of labor is taking place, you should now create wealth and add value to the new organization could guarantee. Central   organizational strategy to efficiently utilize the capabilities of individual and group research to understand the strategy is. It is therefore essential legal mechanism to record and keep account of wealth, manpower, and is designed to help identify the possible value of human resources with the rest of resources in the commercial language i.e., the account of the comparison and reporting. Human resource accounting is an appropriate response to the needs of organizations (Rvdpshty, 1387 A.H., 479). Effective use of human resources, that is it in comparison with other privileged resources and have dynamic nature, independent living are factors for growing organization. I think you must know human nature and the next step is to capitalize on it, is clearly important.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: Human Resource Accounting and Management

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: January 14, 2015 6:41:59 AM

Scores (1–5)

Comments for the Authors

1. General Evaluation

The manuscript aims to discuss Human Resource Accounting (HRA) and its role in valuing human capital within organizations. The topic is important, especially as organizations increasingly recognize intangible assets and intellectual capital. The paper includes extensive references to foundational literature, such as Flamholtz (1985), Hermansson (1964), and the American Accounting Association (1973). However, the manuscript requires substantial revision to meet academic publication standards.

2. Major Issues

Lack of Structure and Coherence

The manuscript reads as a collection of loosely connected paragraphs rather than a structured academic article. For example, the introduction abruptly shifts from defining HRA to listing benefits without transitions. Later sections mix historical literature, models, and definitions without a clear organizing logic.

Absence of Methodology or Research Contribution

The paper does not present:

• a research question
• a methodology
• empirical data
• a conceptual model
• a theoretical contribution

It is essentially a literature summary. For instance, the section beginning “Identifiable intangibles capitalized and amortized systematically…” lists accounting practices but does not analyze or contextualize them.

Language and Grammar Problems

There are numerous grammatical issues, unclear sentences, and mistranslations. Examples include:

• “Economic developments of the last century led to the revision of the attitude to the employment of labor is taking place…”
• “I think you must know human nature and the next step is to capitalize on it, is clearly important.”

These issues significantly hinder readability.

Inconsistent Terminology

Terms such as human capital, intellectual capital, structural capital, and customer capital are introduced but not clearly defined or differentiated. The manuscript cites models but does not explain how they relate to HRA.

Missing Critical Analysis

The manuscript cites many authors but does not critically evaluate their contributions. For example, the discussion of goodwill and intangible assets (Tollington, Tearney) is not connected to the broader argument.

3. Minor Issues

• Table 1 (“Value-added human resources 85 years”) is unclear, lacks explanation, and appears incomplete.
• Several references are inconsistently formatted.
• Some citations include non‑English calendar years (e.g., 1387 A.H.) without explanation.
• The conclusion is generic and does not synthesize the paper’s content.

4. Strengths of the Manuscript

• The topic is relevant and important for modern organizations.
• The manuscript references a wide range of foundational literature in HRA and HRCA.
• The historical overview of HRA development (1960s–1990s) is informative.

5. Recommendations for Improvement

To make the manuscript publishable, the following steps are essential:

Rewrite the Introduction

Clearly state:

• the research problem
• the purpose of the paper
• the contribution to the field

Improve Structure

Suggested sections:

1. Introduction
2. Conceptual Foundations of HRA
3. Models and Approaches
4. Challenges and Critiques
5. Implications for Organizations
6. Conclusion

Clarify Key Concepts

Define and differentiate:

• Human Resource Accounting
• Human Capital
• Intellectual Capital
• Structural and Customer Capital

1. Strengthen Academic Writing

Revise for grammar, clarity, and coherence. Many sentences require complete rewriting.

Add Original Contribution

Consider including:

• a conceptual framework
• a case study
• a comparative analysis of HRA models
• implications for modern organizations

Review Conclusion

Reject (with invitation to resubmit after major revision)

The manuscript addresses an important topic but requires extensive restructuring, rewriting, and conceptual clarification before it can be considered for publication.

Abstract: During 1956 to 2011 there was a 5-percent rise in Tehran population, causing the number of resident households of the city become 6.2 folds more. Meanwhile District 22 in Tehran has received much attention with connectivity the urban development of the Tehran, in order to meet skeletal and service needs and the rate of construction grew in it as a population-attraction pole. Construction expansion has increased urban impervious surfaces which consequently will have destructive ecological effects. Due to the ecological importance of pervious surfaces in urban sustainability, the present article analyzes high-rise building in preserving impervious surfaces in urban landscape. Based on the prepared maps from land cover between 2004 and 2014, it has been shown that impervious surfaces in District 22 has decreased 18.45%. On the other hand, through statistical studies it is expected that the process of impervious surface growth increase almost 2.07% until 2022. Since it is estimated that by 2022 a number of 22089 residential units will be required, by means of high-rise building 373.2 hectares of impervious surfaces can be preserved which eventually helps the sustainable urban development in this district.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: Study of the Role of High-Rise Building in Urban Pervious Surfaces (Case Study: District 22 in Tehran)

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of review: Monday, January 19, 2015 2:41:21 AM

Scores (1–5)

Comments for the Authors

1. General Evaluation

The manuscript addresses an important urban sustainability issue: the relationship between high‑rise development and the preservation of pervious surfaces in a rapidly growing district of Tehran. The authors provide valuable empirical data, including satellite imagery and building permit statistics. The central claim—that high‑rise construction could preserve approximately 373.2 hectares of pervious surface—is relevant for urban policy and planning.

However, the manuscript requires substantial improvement in methodology, clarity, structure, and scientific rigor before it can be considered for publication.

2. Major Issues

Methodological Limitations

• The trend analysis is insufficiently explained. The authors acknowledge that the quadratic model predicts impervious surface area exceeding the district’s total area by 2022, which indicates that the model is inappropriate.
• The definitions of pervious and impervious surfaces are contradictory. For example, the manuscript states:
  “impervious surfaces include urban green space (parks), gardens, trees…”
  These are, by definition, pervious surfaces.
• The GIS methodology lacks essential details: classification method, accuracy assessment, satellite data preprocessing, and validation procedures.

Logical and Analytical Gaps

• Correlation is presented as evidence of causation. The manuscript states that high‑rise permits correlate with impervious surface growth, but this does not demonstrate that high‑rise construction preserves pervious surfaces.
• The authors conclude that high‑rise development is beneficial, yet they also note:
  “the number of high-rise buildings is almost 7 to 9%… illustrating that there has not been any tendency… to high-rise building.”
  This weakens the argument that high‑rise development has played a meaningful role.

Language and Structure

The manuscript contains many grammatical errors, typographical mistakes, and unclear sentences. Examples include:

• “Matherials & Methods”
• “impervious Serface Area”
• “Sum of needed buildings = number of predicted units / sum of all apartments” (without explanation)

These issues significantly reduce clarity and professionalism.

Insufficient Theoretical Integration

• The literature review is extensive but not well integrated into the argument.
• The manuscript lacks a conceptual framework linking high‑rise development, urban morphology, and ecological sustainability.

3. Minor Issues

• Figures and tables are not formatted according to academic standards.
• Several maps are referenced but not described in detail.
• The conclusion repeats earlier content and does not critically reflect on limitations.

4. Recommendations for Improvement

• Correct the definitions of pervious and impervious surfaces.
• Strengthen the methodology section with clear descriptions of GIS processing, classification accuracy, and statistical modeling.
• Replace or justify the prediction model, ensuring that projections are realistic and scientifically defensible.
• Thoroughly revise the language, ideally with professional editing support.
• Develop a stronger theoretical framework connecting the empirical findings to broader urban sustainability literature.
• Clarify the causal argument regarding high‑rise development and pervious surface preservation.

Review Conclusion

Major Modify

The manuscript has potential and addresses an important topic, but it requires substantial revision in methodology, clarity, and scientific argumentation before it can be considered for publication.

Abstract of the Article: The current study explores how culture at the individual level can predict the Syrian students’ acceptance of E-Learning using an adapted UTAUT model. The Collectivism/ Individualism and the Masculinity/ Femininity values at the individual level were included as predictors to technology acceptance in an “Arab” context. Participants were 36 Postgraduate students enrolled at an Academic and Executive Master’s program at Damascus University (Males = 21, Females = 15; N = 26 > 30 years old, N = 10 < 30 years old). Results indicate that Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Collectivism and Femininity predict Behavioral Intention. Moderating for gender enhanced the effect of Performance Expectancy for males, and enhanced the association between Femininity and increased Behavioral Intention for female students. Moderating for age enhanced the association between Effort Expectancy and Femininity and increased Behavioral Intentions for students under thirty years old and changed the association from Femininity to Masculinity for students over thirty years old.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: A Contingent Approach: Syrian Acceptance of E‑Learning

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: March 28, 2015 2:52:34 AM

Scores (1–5)

Comments for the Authors

1. General Evaluation

This manuscript presents a timely and relevant study examining Syrian students’ acceptance of e‑learning using an adapted UTAUT model enriched with cultural dimensions. The context is compelling, especially given the political disruptions that motivated the development of the e‑learning module. The study provides valuable insights into how Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Collectivism, and Femininity influence Behavioral Intention, as stated in the manuscript: “Results indicate that Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Collectivism and Femininity predict Behavioral Intention.”

The paper is well‑structured and grounded in established theoretical frameworks. However, several methodological and editorial issues should be addressed to strengthen the manuscript.

2. Major Issues

Sample Size and Generalizability

The study relies on a very small sample (N=36), which the authors acknowledge. While small‑sample studies exist in technology acceptance research, the extensive use of regression and moderation analyses raises concerns about statistical robustness. For example, moderation tests with such limited data may produce unstable estimates.

Measurement and Interpretation of Cultural Dimensions

The manuscript uses the CVSCALE to measure Collectivism and Masculinity/Femininity. However:

• The interpretation of the Femininity construct is confusing because the scale items measure Masculinity, leading to negative beta values (e.g., “β = −.454”).
• The discussion should clarify this inversion more explicitly and avoid potential misinterpretation.

Overreliance on Self‑Reported Use Behavior

Actual use behavior is measured through self‑reporting. This introduces bias, especially since the e‑learning module was compulsory. The manuscript should acknowledge this limitation more explicitly.

Theoretical Integration

While the literature review is extensive, the theoretical integration could be more concise. Some sections repeat definitions from UTAUT and related models without linking them directly to the Syrian context.

3. Minor Issues

• Some sentences are overly long and would benefit from clearer structure.
• Occasional grammatical issues appear, such as missing articles or inconsistent verb tenses.
• Figures referenced in the text (e.g., Figures 2–5) are not included in the uploaded document; ensure they are properly formatted in the final submission.
• The abstract could be more concise and emphasize the main findings more clearly.

4. Strengths of the Manuscript

• Contextual relevance: The study addresses a real educational challenge caused by political instability.
• Novel cultural integration: Including Collectivism and Femininity as predictors is innovative.
• Clear statistical reporting: Regression results are well‑presented, e.g., “F (1, 34) = 73.126, p < .001, β = .826”.
• Practical implications: The recommendations for e‑learning design in Arab contexts are valuable.

5. Recommendations for Improvement

• Clarify the interpretation of the Masculinity/Femininity scale and its negative beta values.
• Strengthen the limitations section, especially regarding sample size and self‑reported behavior.
• Improve language clarity and reduce redundancy in the theoretical background.
• Consider adding a conceptual diagram summarizing the moderation results for age and gender.
• Provide more detail on the e‑learning module itself (structure, content, duration).

Review Conclusion

Minor Modify

The manuscript is promising and contributes meaningfully to cross‑cultural technology acceptance research. With moderate revisions—mainly clarifying cultural constructs, improving language, and strengthening methodological transparency—it will be suitable for publication.

Abstract of the Article: Every industry is forced at some point undergo the necessary changes. It is necessary to upgrade production routines, introduce new software or diversify offered products. Construction industry has to follow society, market and customers demands. Currently, one of the main building requirements is sustainability. This is related to the development of new building materials and construction technologies. Modern methods of construction (MMC) are one of the ways how to save costs for energy consumption and operations. They are environmentally friendly, able to save natural resources and they are comfortable Keywords: and healthy for their users, but they have not been adopted as much as expected, yet. There are many acceptance theories, which imply the adoption of new technologies and can be applied in every sector. The aim of this paper is to suggest an overview of acceptance theories and to show their use potential in the construction industry, particularly in the acceptance of MMC.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: Acceptance Theories of Innovation and Modern Methods in Construction Industry

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: April 1, 2015 12:14:27 AM

Scores (1–5)

Comments for the Authors

1. General Evaluation

The manuscript provides a clear and structured overview of major technology acceptance theories—TAM, UTAUT, and the DeLone & McLean IS Success Model—and discusses their relevance to the construction industry. The paper also summarizes earlier studies applying these theories to construction contexts, supported by a comprehensive table of prior research. The section on Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) is informative and highlights the need for innovation in the sector.

However, the paper remains largely descriptive, offering a literature overview without developing a conceptual model, empirical analysis, or critical evaluation. The conclusion suggests future research directions but does not synthesize the theoretical insights into actionable frameworks.

2. Major Issues

Lack of Theoretical Integration

The paper presents several acceptance models but does not integrate them into a unified conceptual framework for MMC adoption. For example, the text states:
“The aim is to improve business efficiency, quality, customer satisfaction, environmental performance, sustainability…”
but does not connect these outcomes to specific constructs within TAM or UTAUT.

Absence of Methodology or Empirical Component

The article is purely conceptual. While this is acceptable for a review paper, the journal may expect either:

• a proposed model,
• a conceptual framework, or
• empirical validation.

Currently, the paper summarizes existing theories without offering new insights.

Limited Critical Analysis

The manuscript lists advantages and disadvantages of models but does not critically evaluate:

• their limitations in construction contexts,
• their applicability to MMC specifically,
• or the gaps in current research.

MMC Section Needs Stronger Connection to Acceptance Theories

The MMC discussion is informative, e.g.,
“Modern methods of construction are suggested to deal more effectively with uncertainties inherent in traditional construction…”
but the link between MMC characteristics and acceptance constructs (e.g., perceived usefulness, compatibility, social influence) is not fully developed.

3. Minor Issues

• Table formatting is clear, but Table 1 could benefit from a short narrative interpretation.
• Some sentences are overly long and could be streamlined for clarity.
• A few typographical issues appear (e.g., “aacceptability”).
• Figures are referenced but not deeply discussed.

4. Strengths of the Manuscript

• Comprehensive literature overview of acceptance theories.
• Clear structure and logical flow.
• Useful summary table of prior studies in construction.
• Relevant topic, especially given the growing importance of MMC and digitalization.

5. Recommendations for Improvement
6. Develop a Conceptual Framework

Propose a model linking:

• MMC characteristics
• acceptance constructs (TAM, UTAUT, ISSM)
• expected outcomes (efficiency, sustainability, cost reduction)

Strengthen the MMC–Theory Connection

Explicitly map MMC adoption barriers to acceptance constructs such as:

• perceived usefulness
• perceived ease of use
• facilitating conditions
• social influence

Add Critical Evaluation

Discuss:

• which models are most suitable for MMC,
• where existing theories fall short,
• how construction industry characteristics (fragmentation, risk aversion) affect adoption.

Expand the Conclusion

Provide:

• a clearer synthesis,
• practical implications for industry stakeholders,
• and a more detailed research agenda.

Review Conclusion

Minor Modify

The manuscript is well‑structured and relevant but requires moderate revisions to strengthen theoretical integration and deepen the analysis.

Abstract of the Article: New optimality principles are put forth based on competitive model business planning. A Generalized MinMax local optimum dynamic programming algorithm is presented and applied to business model computing where predictive techniques can determine local optima. Based on a systems model an enterprise is not viewed as the sum of its component elements, but the product of their interactions. The paper starts with introducing a systems approach to business modeling. A competitive business modeling technique, based on the author’s planning techniques is applied. Systemic decisions are based on common organizational goals, and as such business planning and resource assignments should strive to satisfy higher organizational goals. It is critical to understand how different decisions affect and influence one another. Here, a business planning example is presented where systems thinking technique, using Causal Loops, are applied to complex management decisions. Predictive modeling specifics are briefed. A preliminary optimal game modeling technique is presented in brief. Conducting gap and risk analysis can assist with this process. Example application areas to e-commerce with management simulation models are examined.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: Open Loop Control, Competitive Model Business Planning, and ERP

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: December 1, 2015 1:44:21 AM

Scores (1–5)

Comments for the Authors

1. General Evaluation

The manuscript attempts to unify several complex domains—systems thinking, open‑loop control, competitive modeling, dynamic programming, and ERP—into a single conceptual framework. The ambition is clear:
“Based on a systems model an enterprise is not viewed as the sum of its component elements, but the product of their interactions.”

This is an important and timely topic. However, the paper suffers from lack of structure, unclear definitions, and insufficient methodological grounding. Many concepts are introduced but not fully developed, and the reader is left without a clear understanding of how the proposed techniques can be implemented or validated.

2. Major Issues

Lack of Clear Research Methodology

The paper states several research questions (e.g., “Business planning with competitive models to realize goals”), but does not provide:

• a research design,
• data sources,
• algorithms in formal notation,
• or evaluation criteria.

The “Generalized MinMax local optimum dynamic programming algorithm” is mentioned but never formally described.

Overly Broad Scope

The manuscript attempts to cover:

• systems thinking,
• causal loops,
• ERP,
• dynamic programming,
• agent game trees,
• competitive models,
• forecasting,
• portfolio optimization,
• e‑commerce simulation,
• and more.

This breadth prevents depth. Many sections feel introductory rather than analytical.

Conceptual Ambiguity

Several terms are used without definition or with inconsistent meaning:

• “competitive model dynamic programming”
• “agent game trees”
• “open loop control”
• “intelligent AND/OR trees”

The reader cannot determine how these concepts relate or how they should be applied in practice.

Missing Examples and Validation

The paper includes diagrams (e.g., Figure 1 business planning example, Figure 2 multitalented models), but they are not explained in detail. There is no empirical case study, simulation, or numerical example demonstrating the proposed methods.

Writing and Structure

The manuscript contains long, dense paragraphs and abrupt transitions. For example, the shift from systems thinking to ERP to game theory happens without clear connective logic.

3. Minor Issues

• Some references are incomplete or inconsistently formatted.
• Several sentences are grammatically incorrect or unclear.
• Figures are referenced but not fully interpreted.
• The introduction is too long and unfocused.
• The conclusion does not summarize findings or contributions.

4. Strengths of the Manuscript

• Ambitious attempt to integrate multiple disciplines.
• Interesting conceptual link between systems thinking and ERP.
• Novel idea of using agent game trees for business planning.
• Strong theoretical background with extensive citations.

5. Recommendations for Improvement

Narrow the Scope

Focus on one core contribution, such as:

• competitive model dynamic programming,
• or agent game trees for ERP planning.

Provide Formal Definitions

Define key concepts clearly and consistently.

Add a Case Study or Simulation

Demonstrate how the proposed methods work in practice.

Improve Structure

Suggested structure:

1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Proposed Method (with formal definitions)
4. Case Study / Example
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion

Clarify the Algorithm

Provide pseudocode or mathematical formulation for the “Generalized MinMax” algorithm.

Strengthen the Conclusion

Summarize contributions, limitations, and future research directions.

Review Conclusion

Major Modify

The manuscript contains promising ideas but requires substantial restructuring, clarification, and methodological development before it can be considered for publication.

Abstract of the Article: The physico-chemical parameters such as PH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulphate, sulfide and iron were investigated to assess the various water quality parameters along the River course of Gilgel Abay River(GAR). The value of those parameters have been evaluated with respect to guidelines provided by World Health Organization(WHO), Ethiopian drinking water quality standards(EDWQS), Canadian Council of Minister for Environment(CCME) and European Community(EC) to indicate the pollution level of GAR. Overall compliance was 58.93%. From a total of 224 samples, 132 samples (58.93%) complied with WHO guidelines and EDWQS. Turbidity, followed by iron, phosphate and sulfide were the prime river water quality issues identified in GAR. Analysis of variance was used to examine the variations of water quality parameters between the dry and rainy seasons, and the variations along the river courses of Gilgel Abay (upper, middle and lower course). The majority of the parameters showed that there is significant variations of the water quality parameters between the dry and rainy seasons. However, the variations along the river courses of GAR(upper, middle and lower course) were statistically insignificant. This implies that the GAR water quality is influenced by anthropogenic impacts from the upper course to the lower course of the River.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: Physico‑chemical Water Quality Assessment of Gilgel Abay River, Ethiopia

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: May 28, 2015 11:46:21 PM

Scores (1–5)

Comments for the Authors

1. General Evaluation

This manuscript provides a valuable baseline assessment of the physico‑chemical water quality of the Gilgel Abay River (GAR), a major tributary of Lake Tana. The study is well‑motivated, noting that “the water quality of Gilgel Abay has not yet been studied”, and it successfully fills this gap by analyzing 224 samples across dry and rainy seasons.

The paper is well‑structured, the methods are appropriate, and the results are clearly presented in tables and figures. The findings—particularly the identification of turbidity, iron, phosphate, and sulfide as major concerns—are important for regional water management.

However, several areas require clarification, expansion, or refinement to strengthen the manuscript.

2. Major Issues

Interpretation of Extremely High Values

Some rainy‑season values appear unusually high, such as:

• Alkalinity up to 2000 mg/L
• Hardness up to 1500 mg/L
• Phosphate up to 7.8 mg/L
• Turbidity >1000 NTU

These values may be correct, but the manuscript should:

• Discuss potential measurement limitations (e.g., photometer range, dilution requirements).
• Explain whether samples were diluted before analysis.
• Compare these values with regional or global river systems.

Lack of Spatial Interpretation

Although the study concludes that “variations along the river courses were statistically insignificant”, the discussion does not explore:

• Why upstream and downstream values are similar despite different land‑use patterns.
• Whether tributaries (e.g., Koga, Jemma) contribute disproportionately to pollution.

A brief spatial interpretation would strengthen the ecological relevance.

Limited Discussion of Anthropogenic Sources

The manuscript mentions “anthropogenic impacts from the upper course to the lower course”, but does not detail:

• Specific land‑use practices (agriculture, urban runoff, livestock, erosion hotspots).
• Potential point sources (towns, wastewater discharges).

Linking parameters to likely sources would improve the applied value of the study.

Statistical Analysis Could Be Expanded

The ANOVA results are mentioned but not fully presented. Consider adding:

• A table summarizing p‑values for each parameter.
• Effect sizes or post‑hoc comparisons (if applicable).

This would make the statistical findings more transparent.

3. Minor Issues

• Some units are inconsistently formatted (e.g., “AS/cm” instead of “µS/cm”).
• A few typographical errors appear (e.g., “aacceptability”).
• The introduction could be more concise.
• Figures should include clearer legends and scale bars.
• The conclusion section ends abruptly and should be completed.

4. Strengths of the Manuscript

• Comprehensive dataset: 224 samples across two seasons and eight stations.
• Clear identification of key pollutants: turbidity, iron, phosphate, sulfide.
• Strong methodological foundation: APHA protocols, in‑situ measurements, SPSS analysis.
• Regional importance: GAR is a major tributary of Lake Tana, making this baseline assessment highly valuable.
• Useful correlations: e.g., turbidity–iron (r = 0.759), conductivity–TDS (r = 0.986).

5. Recommendations for Improvement

Expand the Discussion

• Compare results with other Ethiopian rivers (e.g., Akaki, Huluka, Ribb).
• Discuss implications for Lake Tana’s ecology.
• Explain seasonal drivers more clearly (e.g., erosion, fertilizer runoff).

Strengthen the Conclusion

The conclusion currently ends mid‑sentence. It should:

• Summarize key findings.
• Highlight management implications.
• Suggest monitoring and mitigation strategies.

Add Management Recommendations

For example:

• Soil conservation to reduce turbidity.
• Wastewater treatment improvements.
• Fertilizer management to reduce phosphate loading.

Improve Table Formatting

Ensure consistent units, alignment, and readability.

Review Conclusion

Minor Modify

The manuscript is scientifically valuable and suitable for publication after moderate revisions to strengthen interpretation, clarify methods, and complete the conclusion.

Abstract of the Article: Our survival is based on attaining essential nutrients from consuming a depleting resource of other life forms, sacrificing their existence for ours. Stanley Miller’s abiogenesis created a means to avoid this, by producing our essential amino acids from simple gases in abundant supply, creating an avenue for providing a growing population with potential nutrients, cushioning the clash of expanding agriculture with environmental conservation; the global extinction crisis. A new means of supplementing our population (ourselves or as animal feed) would radically cushion the pressures on current agricultural and industrial limitations, allowing a complete reconfiguration of how we use our land and water resources with potential towards achieving the UN’s Millennium/Sustainable Development Goals.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: Stanley Miller’s Abiogenesis as a Global Nutrient Source

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: October 29, 2015 1:25:45 AM

Scores (1–5)

Comments for the Authors

1. General Evaluation

This manuscript presents a bold and imaginative proposal: using abiogenesis‑based synthesis of amino acids (as demonstrated in the Miller–Urey experiments) as a large‑scale nutrient source to alleviate global food insecurity and reduce environmental pressures. The author argues that “abiogenesis… offers a ‘clean’, environment friendly alternative to most farming and agricultural methods” and that such production could “radically cushion the pressures on current agricultural and industrial limitations.”

The paper is engaging and thought‑provoking, but it is highly speculative, lacking the scientific, technical, and economic evidence needed to support its central claims. As it stands, the manuscript reads more like a conceptual essay or opinion piece than a research article.

2. Major Issues

Lack of Feasibility Analysis

The manuscript proposes industrial‑scale abiotic synthesis of amino acids but does not address:

• Reaction yields under realistic industrial conditions
• Energy requirements (Miller–Urey experiments are extremely energy‑intensive)
• Cost comparisons with agricultural production
• Environmental impacts of large‑scale gas‑based synthesis
• Safety concerns (e.g., handling H₂, CH₄, H₂S)
• Purification and scalability challenges

Without these, the proposal cannot be evaluated scientifically.

Misinterpretation of Abiogenesis Research

The Miller–Urey experiments demonstrate prebiotic chemistry, not a viable industrial nutrient‑production pathway. The manuscript assumes:

• That amino acid mixtures produced in spark‑discharge experiments are safe for consumption
• That yields can be scaled exponentially
• That abiotic synthesis can replace biological nutrient cycles

These assumptions require rigorous justification.

Overextension of Claims

The manuscript asserts that abiogenesis could:

• Solve global hunger
• Prevent the extinction crisis
• Achieve all UN Sustainable Development Goals
• Replace agriculture
• Improve animal welfare
• Reduce climate change

These claims are not supported by evidence and risk undermining the credibility of the argument.

Insufficient Engagement with Existing Technologies

The paper does not compare abiogenesis‑based nutrient production with:

• Industrial amino acid fermentation (already widely used)
• Synthetic biology approaches
• Precision fermentation for protein production
• Cultured meat and microbial protein (e.g., Quorn, Solein)

These are far more advanced and relevant than spark‑discharge chemistry.

Structure and Genre

The manuscript reads as a persuasive essay rather than a scientific article. It lacks:

• Methods
• Results
• Data
• Figures
• Quantitative modeling
• Risk assessment
• Economic analysis

3. Minor Issues

• Some sections are overly long and could be condensed.
• The introduction repeats the same idea multiple times.
• The manuscript uses emotive language (“sanctimonious harmony,” “primitive means of gaining dietary requirements”) that is unusual in scientific writing.
• Citations are extensive but not always directly relevant to the argument.

4. Strengths of the Manuscript

• Highly original concept linking abiogenesis to global food security.
• Strong narrative connecting environmental, ethical, and nutritional issues.
• Extensive literature review on global food challenges and sustainability.
• Clear writing style and compelling motivation.

5. Recommendations for Improvement

Reframe the Manuscript

Consider reframing as:

• A conceptual review
• A speculative perspective piece
• A policy‑oriented essay

rather than a research article.

Add Scientific and Technical Analysis

Include:

• Reaction yields from Miller‑type experiments
• Energy input vs. output
• Cost estimates
• Comparison with microbial fermentation
• Safety and environmental considerations

Narrow the Scope

Focus on one central question, such as:

• Could abiotic amino acid synthesis supplement global protein supply?
• What are the technical barriers to industrializing prebiotic chemistry?

Strengthen the Conclusion

The conclusion is passionate but speculative. It should:

• Summarize key arguments
• Acknowledge limitations
• Suggest realistic next steps

Review Conclusion

Major Modify

The manuscript presents an imaginative and ethically motivated idea, but requires substantial scientific grounding, feasibility analysis, and structural revision before it can be considered for publication.

Abstract of the Article: One of Mexico’s most severe environmental problems is the high levels of pollution of many of its rivers. For example, the highly polluted Atoyac River in the central Mexican states of Puebla and Tlaxcala has become a potential health hazard for people living in communities nearby. The present work focuses on the relationship between river pollution and diseases of the digestive tract. Based on data collected from six of the most contaminated riverside municipalities two environmental models were developed taking into consideration the health of the entire population, not simply that of its individual members. Such models confirm a direct link between Atoyac River pollution and the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases and could be applied to epidemiological and public health programs aimed at reducing the environmental health impact of river water contamination. The results here presented are the first of their kind and will serve as basis for future research exploring other similarly contaminated riparian communities.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: River Water Pollution and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: October 29, 2015 1:04:53 AM

Scores (1–5)

Comments for the Authors

1. General Evaluation

This manuscript presents an important and timely assessment of the relationship between river water pollution and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in six municipalities along the Atoyac River. The authors combine environmental monitoring data with hospital records and apply both exploratory and multiple‑group ecological models. The study is well‑motivated, noting that “21 Mexican rivers qualify as highly polluted” and that the Atoyac River is a major public health concern.

The manuscript is well‑organized, methodologically coherent, and contributes valuable baseline information for environmental health policy in Mexico. However, several methodological and interpretative issues should be addressed to strengthen the scientific rigor.

2. Major Issues

Ecological Fallacy and Model Limitations

The authors correctly acknowledge that ecological models cannot be extrapolated to individuals. However, the manuscript sometimes implies stronger causal inference than the data allow. For example, the conclusion states:
“a weak but positive causal relationship…”
Given the low R² values (0.16 for simple regression; 0.58 for multiple regression), the term causal should be used cautiously.

Limited Sample Size

The study uses only six municipalities, which severely limits statistical power. Regression models with such small sample sizes are prone to instability and overfitting. This should be explicitly discussed as a limitation.

Confounding Variables

The multiple regression includes only one socioeconomic variable (average daily income). Other potential confounders—such as sanitation infrastructure, drinking water sources, population density, age distribution, and healthcare access—are not included. Their omission may bias the results.

Use of Total Coliform Bacteria (TCB) as Sole Indicator

TCB is a useful indicator of fecal contamination, but:

• It does not distinguish between human and animal sources.
• It does not directly measure pathogenic organisms (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella).
• It may overestimate or underestimate actual health risk.

The authors should acknowledge these limitations.

Interpretation of Extreme Values

Some TCB values (e.g., “220 × 10⁻¹⁰ NMP/100 ml”) appear extremely high. The manuscript should clarify:

• Whether these values were log‑transformed
• Whether any outlier analysis was performed
• Whether measurement methods were consistent across sites

Spatial Analysis Could Be Strengthened

The study mentions that disease cases occur within “1.5–3.0 km” of the river, but no spatial statistical analysis (e.g., distance decay, hotspot analysis) is performed. Even a simple map‑based interpretation would strengthen the argument.

3. Minor Issues

• Some figures (e.g., scatter plots) are referenced but not shown in the document.
• Table formatting could be improved for clarity.
• A few typographical errors appear (e.g., “monhly”).
• The introduction could be more concise.
• The term “simple lineal regression” should be corrected to “simple linear regression.”

4. Strengths of the Manuscript

• Clear public health relevance in a region with documented pollution.
• Strong environmental context, citing previous studies on heavy metals and industrial discharges.
• Appropriate use of ecological models for population‑level analysis.
• Transparent methodology, including data sources and assumptions.
• Useful baseline data for future epidemiological and environmental studies.

5. Recommendations for Improvement

Clarify the Strength of Evidence

Avoid implying strong causality; emphasize association and the need for further research.

Expand the Discussion of Limitations

Include:

• Small sample size
• Potential confounders
• Limitations of TCB as an indicator
• Ecological fallacy

Improve Statistical Presentation

Provide:

• Confidence intervals
• p‑values
• A table summarizing regression coefficients

Strengthen the Conclusion

Summarize key findings more clearly and propose specific next steps, such as:

• Monitoring pathogenic bacteria
• Conducting case‑control or cohort studies
• Improving wastewater treatment
• Implementing community health interventions

Review Conclusion

Minor Modify

The manuscript is valuable and suitable for publication after moderate revisions to strengthen methodological transparency, clarify limitations, and refine causal language.

Abstract of the Article: Actuarial science deals with statistical approach in addressing insurance issues. Though this science mainly gels well with life insurance component, but with recent development of predictive analytics, this science has penetrated well in general  insurance too. Relevance and application of actuarial science in general insurance business can be segregated among below mentioned headers. Underwriting refers to the process of evaluating the risk associated with a proposal that comes for insurance. Based on the risk evaluation, the underwriter decides whether to accept the proposal or to decline it. Hence, for a general insurance company, underwriting a risk is a crucial activity. Risks can be of various types:
(i) Known Risks – which are the risks with fully known loss distributions,
(ii) Unknown Risks – which are risks with either unknown frequency or unknown severity,
(iii) Black Swan Risks – which are massively adverse events.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: Application of Actuarial Science in General Insurance

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: March 8, 2016 5:40:15 AM

Evaluation Table (with detailed explanations)

Comments

The manuscript provides a broad overview of how actuarial science is applied in general insurance, covering underwriting, pricing, reserving, solvency, analytics, and rating. The structure is logical and the explanations are accessible for readers with limited actuarial background.

However, the paper lacks the essential components of a research article:

• No literature references to support technical claims
• No empirical analysis, case studies, or numerical examples
• No methodological innovation or critical comparison of techniques
• No theoretical framework or research question
• Formatting issues in formulas and diagrams

To improve the manuscript, the author should:

1. Add citations to actuarial literature (e.g., CAS papers, Solvency II documentation, Klugman et al.).
2. Include worked examples, simulations, or real‑world datasets.
3. Strengthen the academic tone and correct grammatical issues.
4. Provide a critical discussion of the strengths and limitations of each method.
5. Add a conclusion that synthesizes insights rather than restating content.

Despite these limitations, the article has value as an introductory educational piece for students or new professionals.

Strengths

• Comprehensive coverage of actuarial applications across underwriting, pricing, reserving, solvency, and analytics.
• Clear explanations of foundational actuarial tools such as probability distributions, CRM pricing, Chain Ladder, Bornhuetter‑Ferguson, and copula‑based stochastic reserving.
• Strong relevance to general insurance practice and actuarial education.
• The article includes concise definitions, e.g., “Underwriting refers to the process of evaluating the risk associated with a proposal…”

Areas for Improvement

1. Grammar and language clarity
   Several sentences are long, contain minor grammatical issues, or lack academic polish. Example:
   “Probability distribution can be of various kinds among which the most commonly used are…” could be tightened for clarity.
2. Limited originality
   The article summarizes well‑known actuarial methods but does not introduce new models, empirical results, or case studies. Adding real‑world datasets or numerical examples would strengthen originality.
3. Missing citations
   The article references many actuarial techniques but does not cite academic or regulatory sources (e.g., CAS papers, Solvency II directives). Adding references would improve academic rigor.
4. Formatting issues
   • Some formulas are not typeset cleanly.
   • The Chain Ladder section includes a corrupted formula:
     “LDF = >[_7+1 C (i,j) / ___ 7+1 C(i,j – 1)”
     This needs correction for readability.
5. Depth of analysis
   The article describes methods but does not critically evaluate them or compare their strengths/limitations.

Positive Observations

• The section on solvency is concise and accurate, e.g., “The SCR is the capital required to ensure that the insurer can meet its obligations over the next one year with a probability of at least 99.5%.”
• The analytics section is practical and relevant to modern insurance operations.

Review Conclusion

Major Modify

The manuscript requires substantial revision to meet academic publication standards.

Abstract of the Article: At present environmental awareness programme is emerging across the world although this is a quite new phenomenon in Bangladesh. The present study was attempted to know about the young people’s perception on environmental change in Bangladesh: rural-urban perspectives. In order to conduct this research, a questionnaire survey was carried out and interview was undertaken among 437 respondents in two districts of Bangladesh. This paper describes some findings to understand the status of environmental awareness among young people in urban and rural areas. Findings of the study reveals that majority respondents’ environmental change means change in temperature, change in rainfall, cyclones and sea level rise. Almost all the respondents stated that the heat intensity has increased and winter has become shorter.

Furthermore they also said that there is decreased in rainfall throughout the year. Simply we could say that young people had clear perception about environmental change. Based on the findings this paper recommends to extend environmental  education and awareness to make young people’s life better as well as to keep the environment sustainable.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: Young People’s Perception on Environmental Change in Bangladesh: Rural–Urban Perspectives

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: November 9, 2015 4:57:36 PM

Scores (1–5)

Comments

1. General Evaluation

This manuscript explores how young people in Bangladesh perceive environmental change, comparing rural and urban contexts. The topic is timely and highly relevant, given Bangladesh’s extreme vulnerability to climate‑related hazards. The study is well‑motivated, clearly structured, and supported by an extensive literature review. The sample size is robust, and the descriptive findings are informative.

However, the paper would benefit from stronger methodological detail, clearer conceptual definitions, improved statistical depth, and more polished writing. While the study offers valuable descriptive insights, its analytical contribution remains limited.

2. Strengths

Strong relevance and societal importance

The authors address a critical issue: how young people—future leaders, policymakers, and citizens—understand environmental change. This is particularly important in Bangladesh, where climate impacts are severe.

Clear descriptive findings

The study convincingly shows that:

• Most youth associate environmental change with “change in temperature, change in rainfall, cyclones and sea level rise.”
• Urban youth have significantly higher knowledge levels than rural youth.
• Exposure to information strongly predicts knowledge.

These findings align with existing literature and add contextual nuance.

Large and balanced sample

With 437 respondents across rural and urban areas, the study has a strong empirical base.

3. Major Issues

Conceptual ambiguity

The manuscript uses the term environmental change, but operationalizes it almost exclusively through climate‑related variables. This creates conceptual confusion.

Recommendation:
Define environmental change clearly and justify why climate variables are used as proxies.

4. Methodological limitations

Sampling

The study claims to use simple random sampling, but:

• The sampling frame is not described.
• Only two districts were selected, limiting generalizability.
• Urban = Dhaka and rural = Rajshahi oversimplifies Bangladesh’s geographic diversity.

Measurement validity

Knowledge is dichotomized using a median split, which reduces statistical power and masks variation.

Questionnaire design

No sample items or reliability measures (e.g., Cronbach’s alpha) are provided.

5. Recommendation: Provide more detail on sampling, instrument development, and validity checks.

Limited statistical depth

The analysis relies solely on chi‑square tests. While appropriate for categorical data, they do not capture:

• effect sizes
• predictive relationships
• interactions between variables

A logistic regression model would significantly strengthen the analysis.

Interpretation concerns

Some findings are not critically examined. For example:

• The negative association between education level and knowledge is surprising and likely influenced by measurement issues or sample composition.
• The discussion repeats results rather than interpreting them.

Writing and formatting issues

• Several grammatical errors and awkward phrasings reduce clarity.
• Tables and figures need improved formatting.
• Some percentages appear inconsistent or misaligned.

Contribution and Novelty

The study’s main contribution is empirical: documenting youth perceptions in two Bangladeshi districts.
The rural–urban comparison adds contextual value, though the theoretical contribution is modest.

6. Recommendations for Improvement

Clarify conceptual framework

Define environmental change and align it with the variables measured.

Strengthen methodology

• Describe sampling procedures in detail.
• Provide questionnaire items.
• Report reliability and validity measures.

Expand statistical analysis

Use logistic regression or multivariate models to identify predictors of knowledge.

Improve interpretation

Critically examine unexpected findings and explore alternative explanations.

Edit for clarity

Improve grammar, structure, and formatting throughout the manuscript.

Review Conclusion

Minor Modify

The manuscript is relevant and valuable, but requires revisions to strengthen methodological transparency, analytical depth, and writing quality.

Abstract of the Article: Whilst Business-IT alignment (BITa) has become essential for increased organizational performance, research shows that BITa still is a top priority for IT executives. The traditional BITa approach departs from an IT perspective and is struggling to get proper business involvement. Self-evidently, IT must support the business in an optimal manner. But, how does the business contribute to successful BITa? How can this be achieved? What is the right business model? The research identifies 12 critical success factors that can be influenced by business to contribute to successful BITa. Many factors are not widely implemented yet and differ in difficulty to implement. The proposed order of difficulty of these factors will help an organization to improve BITa step by step.

Peer‑Review Report

Article Title: Business’ Contribution to Successful Business-IT alignment

Peer-Reviewer: prof. dr. Mohamed Juzoef Tangali, MBA MA MSc JD

Date of Review: October 29, 2015 8:14:27 AM

Scores (1–5)

Comments

1. General Evaluation

This manuscript offers a strong conceptual contribution by shifting the Business‑IT alignment (BITa) discussion from an IT‑centric viewpoint to a business‑driven operational perspective. The identification of 12 business‑influenceable success factors, ordered by implementation difficulty, provides a practical roadmap for organizations seeking to improve alignment.

The methodology—literature extraction, consultant scoring, semi‑structured interviews, and correlation with BITa maturity—is well‑structured, but the empirical execution lacks detail. The paper is rich in practitioner insights and examples, especially the comparison between banking and healthcare organizations.

However, the study would benefit from deeper methodological transparency, stronger analytical rigor, and clearer theoretical integration.

Strengths

1. Clear and relevant research focus: The business‑side contribution to BITa is underrepresented in existing literature.
2. Practical value: The ordered list of 12 success factors is actionable and useful for practitioners.
3. Strong conceptual grounding: The paper draws on established BITa frameworks (e.g., SAM, Luftman).
4. Rich qualitative insights: The interviews provide meaningful examples from banking and healthcare sectors.
5. Good structure and readability: The paper flows logically and is accessible to both academics and practitioners.

Major Issues

1. Methodological limitations

• The methodology section lacks detail on:
  • How the 110 factors were coded and reduced.
  • How reliability was ensured during qualitative coding.
  • How BITa maturity was measured and correlated.
• The sample size (14 interviews) is small and sector‑specific, limiting generalizability.
• The consultant scoring process is described but not justified (e.g., why 25 consultants? what expertise?).

Impact: The empirical foundation is not strong enough to fully support the conclusions.

2. Limited statistical depth

• The paper mentions correlations with BITa maturity but provides no statistical tables, coefficients, or significance levels.
• No triangulation or robustness checks are reported.
• The survey of 42 participants is mentioned but not analyzed in detail.

Impact: The findings appear plausible but lack empirical transparency.

3. Interpretation concerns

• Some factors overlap conceptually (e.g., transparency, culture, strategic IT use), but the paper does not synthesize them into a coherent model.
• The ordering of factors by difficulty is interesting but subjective; the rationale is not fully explained.
• The comparison between banking and healthcare is insightful but anecdotal rather than analytically grounded.

Impact: The conclusions are directionally correct but not analytically rigorous.

4. Writing and formatting issues

• Some sentences are long and could be more concise.
• A few references are incomplete or inconsistently formatted.
• The paper would benefit from:
  • A clearer theoretical framework section.
  • A more structured conclusion summarizing implications for research and practice.

Impact: Minor readability issues but overall acceptable.

Recommendations for Improvement

1. Strengthen methodological transparency
   • Provide coding procedures, reliability measures, and detailed correlation results.
   • Explain the rationale for sample sizes and participant selection.
2. Add analytical depth
   • Include tables summarizing correlations, factor presence, and BITa maturity scores.
   • Consider developing a synthesized conceptual model linking the 12 factors.
3. Clarify theoretical positioning
   • Explicitly connect findings to existing BITa frameworks (SAM, Luftman, Peppard & Ward).
4. Improve writing and formatting
   • Shorten long sentences and ensure consistent reference formatting.
   • Add a more structured conclusion with clear implications.
5. Enhance generalizability
   • Discuss limitations more explicitly.
   • Suggest how future research could validate the 12 factors in other sectors or countries.

Review Conclusion

Strong Recommend (after minor methodological and structural improvements)

The manuscript is conceptually strong, practically valuable, and offers a novel business‑centric perspective on BITa. With improved methodological transparency and analytical depth, it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

Abstract: Studies on the translations of the Qur’an into English are worldwide. However, to the best of my knowledge, study on translating the conjunctions in the Qur’anic dialogue has not been tackled in particular. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the procedures followed by Arthur Arberry in translating conjunctions in Qur’anic dialogue considering the dialogue between the Prophets and their people as an example. Arberry’s translation is selected because it is a translation written by a non-religious translator without prejudice and is widely prominent among academics. The analysis conducted in this paper is to find out to what extent Arberry’s translation is successful in conveying the intended message of the conjunctions used in the Qur’anic dialogue. To achieve this, some types of dialogue between the Prophets and their people from Arberry’s translation of surah “al-Shu‘arā’” (The Poets) are selected for analysis and compared by Taqī al-Dīn al-Hilalī and Muḥammad Muḥsin Khān’s. Baker’s strategies are taken as criteria in the analytical process. The finding of this paper provides a better strategy for dealing with the translation of the conjunctions which can reproduce the intended meaning of the Qur’anic dialogue for English-speaking readers from a religious and non-religious background.